Cisco logging

Fact:
0. Logging message are error messages of software or hardware.
1. Internal buffer logging mechanism enabled by default.
2. Syslog isn't enabled by default
3. Before configure logging, configure router is correct date, time and timezone.
4. To configure syslog, you must configure syslog-client within the router or built-in client.
5. Informational level displays reload request and low level stack process
6. Debug level displays
7. Notice level displays interface up or down transitions and system restart message


Facility = location

Recipes:
1. Enable syslog
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#logging buffered informational

2. Set logging target remote log
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)# logging 172.25.1.1
Router(config)# end
Router#

3.  Changing the default log facility
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)# logging host 172.25.1.1
Router(config)# logging facility local6
Router(config)# end
Router#
By default, router will forward all syslog messages to the server's local7 log facility.

4. Restricting what log messages sent
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# logging host 172.25.1.1
Router(config)# logging trap notifications
Router(config)# end

5. Rate limiting number of packets sent to syslog traffic
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# logging host 172.25.1.1
Router(config)# logging rate-limit 30 except warning
Router(config)# end
Router#

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target:
1. Mark Things that discoverd this day
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4. When you questioning you get the answer

a > b + c
a = b + c + d
b ... d

Router > nearest to the target
interface > interface tempat nyantolnya lan


Bisa semua kecuali 1
Tidak bisa semua kecuali 1
Tidak bisa semua --> biasanya host.

  Routing Information Protocol Versions 1 and 2 (RIPv1 and RIPv2)

●  Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) and multipoint GRE (MGRE)

●  Cisco Express Forwarding

●  Standard 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol

●  Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)

●  Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3)

●  Network Address Translation (NAT)

●  Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, relay, and client

●  Dynamic Domain Name System (DNS)

●  DNS Proxy

●  DNS Spoofing

●  Access control lists (ACLs)

●  IPv4 and IPv6 Multicast

●  Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

●  Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

●  Performance Routing (PfR)

●  Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

●  Virtual Route Forwarding (VRF) Lite

●  Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP)

●  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)

●  Web Cache Communication Protocol (WCCP)

Cisco Express Forwarding
What is CEF?
Enhances network performance. 
Where is CEF?
In large core network or in the internet router.

L2TP
What is L2TP?
Tunneling protocol used to support VPN.
Where is L2TP?

NAT
What is NAT?
Methodology to remapping 1 ip address space to another ip address.

Where is NAT?
In the router side.

How is NAT?
By modifying network address information in IP packet header.

DHCP

DNS
What is DNS?
DNS is distributed system

Where is DNS?

DNS proxy

 # modprobe ip_gre
 # ip tu ad gretun mode gre local 10.5.5.5 remote 10.6.6.6 ttl 64 dev eth0
 # ip ad ad dev gretun 10.0.0.3 peer 10.0.0.4/32
 # ip li se dev gretun up
 # ip ro ad 10.6.10.0/24 via 10.0.0.4
 # ip ro ad 10.6.20.0/24 via 10.0.0.4

Line nomor 2: local address interface fisik dan remote address interface fisik

Line nomor 3: interface tunnel address local dan interface tunnel address remote