Routing Information Protocol Versions 1 and 2 (RIPv1 and RIPv2)

●  Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) and multipoint GRE (MGRE)

●  Cisco Express Forwarding

●  Standard 802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol

●  Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)

●  Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3)

●  Network Address Translation (NAT)

●  Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, relay, and client

●  Dynamic Domain Name System (DNS)

●  DNS Proxy

●  DNS Spoofing

●  Access control lists (ACLs)

●  IPv4 and IPv6 Multicast

●  Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)

●  Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

●  Performance Routing (PfR)

●  Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)

●  Virtual Route Forwarding (VRF) Lite

●  Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP)

●  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)

●  Web Cache Communication Protocol (WCCP)

Cisco Express Forwarding
What is CEF?
Enhances network performance. 
Where is CEF?
In large core network or in the internet router.

L2TP
What is L2TP?
Tunneling protocol used to support VPN.
Where is L2TP?

NAT
What is NAT?
Methodology to remapping 1 ip address space to another ip address.

Where is NAT?
In the router side.

How is NAT?
By modifying network address information in IP packet header.

DHCP

DNS
What is DNS?
DNS is distributed system

Where is DNS?

DNS proxy