All the stuff that high level programming hide from you

- Pushing arguments
- fixing stack pointers

Assembly

Setiap arsitektur komputer mempunyai bahasa mesinnya masing-masing.

Linux

Was created as an operating system for desktop or server
must have a file system

Bootloader and operating system

Bootloader is a piece of code that runs before any operating system is running.

Bootloader is the first software that runs after power up or reset.

Bootloader highly processor specific and board specific.

Bootloader are used to boot other operating system, usually each operating system has a set of bootloaders specific for it.

OS:
1. Not platform/board specific
2. Need information about memory map,
3. Can be loaded from (memory, disk, network):
- Network using bootp
- File (if system have a disk)
- From memory

Jangka

Did you know that you can build jangka using your hand?

Is always problems (Pattern recognition)

What continue to be always is a pattern formulae

Can be and its command

1. Files
2. File
3. Directory
4. Directories

1. Files can be
- Changed
- their content can be compared: COMP / FC
- copied : COPY
- erased/deleted : ERASE/DELETE
- can be formatted
- can be moved (cut-and-paste) = MOVE
- displayed its content (text-file) = TYPE
- access-list can be modified/displayed = BCDEDIT


2. File can be:
- Writed = EDIT
- Erase/delete = ERASE / DELETE
- copied = COPY
- compared and show the difference between them = FC
- Searched its inside for a text string = FIND/FINDSTR
- written to a disk and checked whether its done (verified) = VERIFY
- replaced = REPLACE
- renamed = REN/RENAME
- moved = MOVE

3. Directory can be:
- Created = MKDIR/MD
- Removed = REMOVE/RD
- content can be showed = DIR
- displayed their name / change current = CHDIR/CD

4. Directories can be
- ACLed =
-


5. Window command interpreter can be
- directed using batch program = GOTO
- paused and displays a message = PAUSE

6. Service (background process) can be:
- displayed / configured
-

7. Machine can be:
- shutted down = SHUTDOWN

Kesimpulan: Mimicing